地震工况下兰州南绕城高速公路路堑高边坡格构支护效果评价

以兰州南绕城高速公路已加固典型路堑高边坡为研究对象,利用AutoCAD及ANSYS软件建立所选典型边坡的三维数值模型,在此基础上运用有限差分软件FLAC3D对其在地震工况下的稳定性进行科学评价,目的是为黄土类高边坡工程防护及安全设计提供参考。得出的结论为：当水平向地震加速度为0.1g和0.2g时边坡处于稳定状态,水平向地震加速度为0.3g时边坡处于基本稳定状态,水平向地震加速度为0.4g时边坡处于不稳定状态。研究表明,格构锚杆支护承受了大量拉张应力及剪应变增量等,效果显著,对边坡稳定性发挥了重要作用。因该公路建设区抗震设防烈度为8度,地震加速度设计为0.2g,所以地震工况下的所选格构支护边坡处于稳定（稳定系数为1.15）状态,能够满足规范要求。     

重庆市严重伏旱气候特征分析

重庆市伏旱是一种客观气候规律,其演变有近100年的周期震荡。2006年重庆及其周边地区的严重干旱是气候自然变迁与人类活动的综合影响,南亚高压偏强偏东、西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西及Hadley环流加强有关。造成2006年异常高温的主要原因是太阳辐射、严重干旱和深厚的下沉气流增温;最后给出了高温预警实例。     

基于Adaboost算法和人脸特征三角形的姿态参数估计

提出了一种基于Adaboost算法和人脸特征三角形的姿态参数估计方法。首先利用Adaboost算法训练人脸器官检测器,然后根据人脸器官的几何特征定位人脸特征点,利用获得的人脸特征点构建人脸特征三角形。当人脸发生姿态变化时,利用特征三角形的位置变化进行姿态参数的初步估计。     

黄土坡面汇沙对细沟侵蚀的影响与贡献

细沟侵蚀是黄土高原坡面极其重要的侵蚀过程之一,汇沙对细沟侵蚀强弱具有重要影响,阐明汇沙对细沟侵蚀的影响与贡献,可以揭示坡面细沟侵蚀过程机理,并为治理坡面水土流失提供科学依据.采用定流量人工放水的组合小区模拟降雨的方法,对不同降雨强度与不同坡度下黄土坡面汇沙对细沟侵蚀的影响及贡献进行了研究,结果表明:细沟上方汇沙、细沟间汇沙、细沟径流剪切力对细沟侵蚀的影响,在不同降雨强度、不同坡度、不同降雨强度及坡度下皆可用三元对数方程描述;细沟上方汇沙、细沟间汇沙、细沟径流剪切力,以及细沟上方汇沙与细沟间汇沙及细沟径流剪切力三者的交互作用对细沟侵蚀的贡献率,在不同降雨强度下分别为13.18％、4.98％、61.2％及8.26％,在不同坡度下分别为4.73％、1.19％、73.65％及5.4％,在不同降雨强度及坡度下分别为10.84％、0.44％、65.22％及6.97％.     

Evaluation of Upper Triassic T3x5 Source Rocks (Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin) and their Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion Characteristics: Implication for Tight-Sand Gas and Shale Gas Accumulation Potential Assessment

An unconventional, continuous petroleum system consists of an accumulation of hydrocarbons that is found in low-matrix-permeability rocks and contain large amounts of hydrocarbons. Tight-sand gas in the Jurassic and shale gas within the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation (T₃x⁵) are currently regarded as the most prolific emerging unconventional gas plays in China. The conventional and systematical evaluation of T₃x⁵ source rocks was carried out for the first time in the western Sichuan basin (WSD). Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics (including intensity, efficiency, and amount) of T₃x⁵ source rocks were investigated. Results show that T₃x⁵ source rocks are thick (generally >200 m), have high total organic content (TOC, ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 wt%), and dominated by III-type kerogen. These favorable characteristics result in a great hydrocarbon generating potential under the high thermal evolution history (R _o > 1.2%) of the area. An improved hydrocarbon generation potential methodology was applied to well data from the area to unravel the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of T₃x⁵ source rocks in the WSD. Results indicate that the source rocks reached hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 1.06% R _o and the comprehensive hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was about 60%. The amount of generation and expulsion from T₃x⁵ source rocks was 3.14 × 10¹⁰ and 1.86 × 10¹⁰ t, respectively, with a residual amount of 1.28 × 10¹⁰ t within the source rocks. Continuous-type tight-sand gas was predicted to develop in the Jurassic in the Chengdu Sag of the WSD because of the good source-reservoir configuration (i.e., the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion center was located in Chengdu Sag), the Jurassic sandstone reservoirs were tight, and the gas expelled from the T₃x⁵ source rocks migrated for very short distances vertically and horizontally. The amount of gas accumulation in the Jurassic reservoirs derived from T₃x⁵ source rocks is up to 9.3 × 10⁸ t. The T₃x⁵ gas shale has good accumulation potential compared with several active US shale-gas plays. Volumetrically, the geological resource of shale gas is up to 1.05 × 10¹⁰ t. Small differences between the amounts calculated by volumetric method compared with that by hydrocarbon generation potential methodology may be due to other gas accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with the gas shales.     

16SrDNA克隆文库解析仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池中生物絮团的细菌群落结构

通过采集东营和蓬莱地区采用生物絮团技术的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池(DYt和PLt)及其对照池(DYc和PLc)海水样品,构建细菌16S r DNA克隆文库,对其中细菌群落的多样性和群落组成结构进行了分析。结果表明,四个文库Coverage值在34.7%—54.8%之间,文库丰富度指数(Chao)66.2—314.1,Shannon多样性指数从3.01—4.07变动,Pielou均匀度指数0.68—0.85,样品的细菌群落均具有很高的多样性,蓬莱仿刺参苗种培育池细菌多样性均高于东营;生物絮团文库中细菌包括拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等八个菌门和未知类群,黄杆菌群(Flavobacteria)、α-变形菌群(Alphaproteobacteria)和芽孢杆菌群(Bacilli)为主要优势菌群;DYt和PLt处理组文库细菌多样性减少并出现特征菌群,生物絮团调控技术改变了仿刺参苗种培育环境的微生物群落结构。生物絮团的细菌群落结构研究,为揭示生物絮团的作用机制并进一步有效利用提供研究基础和依据。     

柴北缘中侏罗统湖相泥页岩储层矿物组成与脆性特征

运用X射线衍射技术,对柴北缘中侏罗统46块岩心泥页岩样品和15块露头泥页岩样品进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明研究区泥页岩矿物成分中黏土矿物含量最高,介于33%~79.7%之间,平均54.3%;其次为石英,含量介于14.5%~57.8%之间,平均35.4%;碳酸盐矿物含量较少,总量一般介于0~13%之间,个别样品大于15%,露头样品与岩心样品矿物成分有差别。黏土矿物组合特征反映出研究区进入中成岩阶段,对应有机质演化的成熟阶段,具有适宜页岩油气形成的成熟度条件。扫描电镜显示,研究区泥页岩发育3种孔隙类型。与海相页岩相比,柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩黏土矿物含量高但敏感性矿物含量低,石英、长石等脆性矿物含量偏低但达到湖相泥页岩开发标准,脆性指数平均为42.6%,整体上具有较好的脆性和可压性,有利于该区湖相页岩的压裂改造。     

Estimation Algorithms of Methane Sorption Capacity of the Longmaxi Marine Shale in South China

<正>Shale gas is one of the most promising unconventional gas systems.The shale is both the source of,and the reservoir for,natural gas,which is derived from the organic matter within the shale through biogenic and/or thermogenic processes.Natural gas storage in shale differs significantly from conventional gas reservoirs and may be composed of free compressed gas,sorption gas and     

深盆气研究现状综述

深盆气是指在特殊地质条件下形成的,具有特殊圈闭机理和分布规律的非常规天然气藏。在总结前人关于深盆气研究的基础上,对深盆气藏特征、成藏地质条件、成藏机理、成藏模式及分布规律进行了详细的厘定。深盆气概念的提出为寻找油气提供了一个广阔的领域和新的思维方式。我国深盆气藏勘探具有广阔的领域和良好的勘探前景。